Wednesday, January 19, 2011

IP Split-Horizon EIGRP

IP Split-Horizon EIGRP

Printer-Friendly Format

Command

IP Split-Horizon EIGRP
Use

Split Horizon protects against routing loops by not accepting routes on the same interface that a router sends updates out.
This normally has to be turned off in hub and spoke topologies to ensure full reachability.
Syntax

Router(config-router)#network
OR
Router(config-router)#network
Example




In this example we will configure EIGRP 100 on all routers in the in topology.

R1(config)#router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)#no auto
R1(config-router)#network 10.4.4.0 0.0.0.255
R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0

Notice that EIGRP also stripes the network statements back to its classful network boundary.

3(config)#router eigrp 100
R3(config-router)#no auto
R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network 10.4.4.0 0.0.0.255

If we configure the network statement with a wildcard, we can control what interfaces are put into EIGRP.

R4(config)#router eigrp 100
R4(config-router)#no auto
R4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0
R4(config-router)#network 10.4.4.0 0.0.0.255

Checking the EIGRP routing tables we see that R1 and R3 have not received any routes.

R1(config-router)#do show ip route eigrp
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 4.4.4.4 [90/2297856] via 10.4.4.4, 00:02:34, Serial1/0
R1(config-router)#

R3(config)#do show ip route eigrp
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 4.4.4.4 [90/2297856] via 10.4.4.4, 00:02:54, Serial1/0
R3(config)#

R4(config-router)#do show ip route eigrp
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets
D 1.1.1.1 [90/2297856] via 10.4.4.1, 00:00:20, Serial0/0
D 1.3.3.3 [90/2297856] via 10.4.4.1, 00:00:20, Serial0/0
D 1.2.2.2 [90/2297856] via 10.4.4.1, 00:00:20, Serial0/0
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 3.3.3.3 [90/2297856] via 10.4.4.3, 00:00:28, Serial0/0
R4(config-router)#


Now we will disable split-horizon on R4's frame-relay interface.
R4(config-router)#int s0/0
R4(config-if)#no ip split-horizon eigrp 100
R4(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:14:05.915: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 10.4.4.1 (Serial0/0) is resync: split horizon changed
*Mar 1 00:14:05.919: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 10.4.4.3 (Serial0/0) is resync: split horizon changed
R4(config-if)#

Now we see all the routes on R1 and R3.
R1(config-router)#do show ip route eigrp
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 3.3.3.3 [90/2809856] via 10.4.4.4, 00:00:58, Serial1/0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 4.4.4.4 [90/2297856] via 10.4.4.4, 00:00:07, Serial1/0
R1(config-router)#

R3(config-router)#do show ip route eigrp
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets
D 1.1.1.1 [90/2809856] via 10.4.4.4, 00:01:23, Serial1/0
D 1.3.3.3 [90/2809856] via 10.4.4.4, 00:01:23, Serial1/0
D 1.2.2.2 [90/2809856] via 10.4.4.4, 00:01:23, Serial1/0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 4.4.4.4 [90/2297856] via 10.4.4.4, 00:00:32, Serial1/0
R3(config-router)#

show ip eigrp topology

show ip eigrp topology
Command
Show IP EIGRP Topology
Use
This command shows EIGRP topology information on the router. This information includes the advertised and feasible distance for all paths as well as the successors. This is especially useful when calculating variance.
Syntax
Router#show ip eigrp topology
Example

In the below example we see the EIGRP topology information on R2
R2(config)#do show ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(2.2.2.2)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 1.1.1.1/32, 1 successors, FD is 156160
via 10.1.1.1 (156160/128256), FastEthernet0/0
P 3.3.3.3/32, 1 successors, FD is 156160
via 10.2.2.3 (156160/128256), FastEthernet1/0
P 2.2.2.2/32, 1 successors, FD is 128256
via Connected, Loopback0
P 1.3.3.3/32, 1 successors, FD is 156160
via 10.1.1.1 (156160/128256), FastEthernet0/0
P 1.2.2.2/32, 1 successors, FD is 156160
via 10.1.1.1 (156160/128256), FastEthernet0/0
P 10.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160
via Connected, FastEthernet0/0
P 10.4.4.0/24, 2 successors, FD is 2172416
via 10.1.1.1 (2172416/2169856), FastEthernet0/0
via 10.2.2.3 (2172416/2169856), FastEthernet1/0
P 10.2.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160
via Connected, FastEthernet1/0

Wednesday, January 12, 2011

Difference Between DSL and ADSL

Difference Between DSL and ADSL

DSL vs ADSL
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is the generic term for services that provide internet connections using digital data connections between a modem and a phone line. What’s great about DSL, is that even when the phone line is in use, there is no interruption, and you can still experience a high speed internet connection even when you are making calls. The only issue is, that when you are close to the central office of the company with which you are subscribed, you will have faster internet, but when you are far from their central office, although you are within their scope, you will have a slower internet connection.

There are different types of DSL. There’s SDSL, VDSL, and ADSL. ADSL stands for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. This type of service means that the speed of data sent is known as upstream, and the data received is known as downstream, and the speeds are not always guaranteed to be the same. They have different speeds that change from time to time. The most requested service is the ADSL service. In regards to ADSL, the internet service providers offer options for higher bandwidth, in upstream, downstream or both. The only thing is, they naturally charge higher rates for higher speeds.

ADSL uses a special ADSL modem, and a micro-filter in the subscriber’s telephone line.

This is what allows the ADSL service and telephone service to be used at the same time. The word ‘asymmetric’ in ADSL actually means that the downstream is faster than the upstream. ADSL supports a downstream rate of 1.5 to 9 Mbps, and an upstream rate of 16 to 640 Kbps.

When you use ADSL, your PC will always be connected to the internet, as long as the power is on, and once you ‘turn on’ your computer, your PC will automatically have an internet connection, unless you manually disconnect. Unlike dial-ups, ADSL can serve various computers within a house for multiple members simultaneously.

Summary:

The simple difference between DSL and ADSL is that DSL is the generic term for Digital Subscriber Line services, and ADSL, or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, is just one of its types. There are other types of DSL, such as SDSL and VDSL.



Difference Between PPPoE and PPPoA

Difference Between PPPoE and PPPoA

PPPoE vs PPPoA

Many internet users are often plagued with the decision of what kind of protocol to use with their connection. There are many questions, experimentation, and flip-flopping between PPPoE and PPPoA. Unfortunately, many of the confusions hover above these two protocols.

Both of these protocols give internet service providers (ISP) the capability to rollout broadband use. Using these protocols gives relative security as it obliges the end-user to verify or authenticate to a server before having network access.

PPPoE and PPPoA are mainly used with Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). Both protocols provide flexibility in billing which is very advantageous to providers. Moreover, the use of network resources can be monitored easily and along with this feature, troubleshooting and managing network usage is less problematic.

PPPoE is an abbreviation Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet and it is a kind of networking protocol that encapsulates PPP frames inside the Ethernet frames. Basically, PPPoE is configured as a point to point connection between two Ethernet ports.

This protocol is normally used in ISP’s lower packages as PPPoE is often utilized to function in lower bandwidth throughput rate. PPPoE is perhaps the most common protocol used when connecting to the internet.

Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (PPPoA) is also a network protocol but this time, it is for encapsulating frames inside AAL5 or ATM Adaption Layer 5. ATM means Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a kind of switching using time division multiplexing in an asynchronous manner.

In the enterprise packages, PPPoA is typically the protocol of choice. It will require a Static IP configured straight into the hardware (modem). PPPoA is said to have less overheads compared to PPPoE therefore, the former is slightly faster than the latter. However, for the end-user, the difference in speed is almost negligible.

Modems that support PPPoA use Asynchronous Transfer Mode — which uses very small, fixed-length packets, in contrast to Ethernet, which uses relatively large, variable-length packets — to do whatever it needs to do.

Summary:

1. PPPoE means Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet while PPPoA means Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM.

2. PPPoE encapsulates PPP frames inside the Ethernet frames while PPPoA encapsulates frames inside AAAL5.

3. PPPoE is often used in lower packages while PPPoA is often used in enterprise packages.

4. PPPoE is more commonly used than PPPoA.

5. PPPoA has slightly less overhead than PPPoE therefore, it is a bit faster.



Thursday, August 19, 2010

Bundle ping to text file

c:\>ping 192.168.1.1 -t -l 10000>c:\bundle.txt

Mirror port with cisco switch

swl3-pp-dc-inet-1(config)#monitor session 1 source interface gigabitethernet0/25 both
swl3-pp-dc-inet-1(config)#monitor session 1 destination interface gigabitethernet0/26

Remote desktop via console

mstsc /admin /v:175.28.2.30

Monday, August 16, 2010

How to Win

*Fundamental Techniques in Handling People

1. Don't criticize, condemn, or complain.
2. Give honest and sincere appreciation.
3. Arouse in the other person an eager want.

*Six Ways to Make People Like You

1. Become genuinely interested in other people.
2. Smile.
3. Remember that a man's Name is to him the sweetest and most important sound in any language.
4. Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.
5. Talk in the terms of the other man's interest.
6. Make the other person feel important and do it sincerely.

*Twelve Ways to Win People to Your Way of Thinking

1. Avoid arguments.
2. Show respect for the other person's opinions. Never tell someone they are wrong.
3. If you're wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.
4. Begin in a friendly way.
5. Start with questions the other person will answer yes to.
6. Let the other person do the talking.
7. Let the other person feel the idea is his/hers.
8. Try honestly to see things from the other person's point of view.
9. Sympathize with the other person.
10. Appeal to noble motives.
11. Dramatize your ideas.
12. Throw down a challenge & don't talk negative when the person is absent, talk about only positive.

*Be a Leader: How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment

1. Begin with praise and honest appreciation.
2. Call attention to other people's mistakes indirectly.
3. Talk about your own mistakes first.
4. Ask questions instead of directly giving orders.
5. Let the other person save face.
6. Praise every improvement.
7. Give them a fine reputation to live up to.
8. Encourage them by making their faults seem easy to correct.
9. Make the other person happy about doing what you suggest.

Friday, July 30, 2010

How to configure DHCP Relay on Cisco ASA Firewall

The ASA 5500 series firewall can work as DHCP relay agent which means that it receives DHCP requests from clients on one interface and forwards the requests to a DHCP server on another interface. Usually the DHCP server is located in the same layer 3 subnet with its clients. There are situations however where we have only one DHCP server but several layer 3 networks exist (on different security zones on a Cisco ASA) and dynamic IP allocation is required for those networks as well. With the DHCP relay feature, we can connect the DHCP server on one network zone and have the firewall forward all DHCP requests from the other network zones to the DHCP server.

The diagram below illustrates a simple network scenario with three security zones (network interfaces) and a single DHCP server. The three network zones are inside, outside and DMZ. The DHCP clients are connected to the inside network and the DHCP server on the DMZ network. The DHCP requests from the clients on the inside network will be relayed to the server on the DMZ network. The server will assign IP addresses in the range 192.168.1.0/24 to the clients.

Configuration

!First identify the DHCP server and the interface it Is connected to
ciscoasa# conf t
ciscoasa(config)# dhcprelay server 10.1.1.100 DMZ
ciscoasa(config)# dhcprelay timeout 90

!Now enable the DHCP relay on the inside interface
ciscoasa(config)# dhcprelay enable inside

!Assign the ASA inside interface IP as default gateway for the clients
ciscoasa(config)# dhcprelay setroute inside

Usage Guidelines

You can add up to four DHCP relay servers per interface. You must add at least one dhcprelay server command to the ASA Firewall configuration before you can enter the dhcprelay enable command. You cannot configure a DHCP client on an interface that has a DHCP relay server configured.

You cannot enable DHCP relay under the following conditions:
• You cannot enable DHCP relay and the DHCP relay server on the same interface.
• You cannot enable DCHP relay and a DHCP server (dhcpd enable) on the same interface.

Monday, July 26, 2010

configure Kiwi syslog on ASA

asa-pp-dc-adm-1

logging on
logging timestamp
logging facility 6
logging device-id hostname
logging trap debug
logging host inside 192.168.0.2 1514

Monday, July 19, 2010

AVAYA problem

http://www.techsneeze.com

Friday, May 7, 2010

Thursday, May 6, 2010

How to run Control Panel tools by typing a command

Control panel tool             Command
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Accessibility Options control access.cpl
Add New Hardware control sysdm.cpl add new hardware
Add/Remove Programs control appwiz.cpl
Date/Time Properties control timedate.cpl
Display Properties control desk.cpl
FindFast control findfast.cpl
Fonts Folder control fonts
Internet Properties control inetcpl.cpl
Joystick Properties control joy.cpl
Keyboard Properties control main.cpl keyboard
Microsoft Exchange control mlcfg32.cpl
(or Windows Messaging)
Microsoft Mail Post Office control wgpocpl.cpl
Modem Properties control modem.cpl
Mouse Properties control main.cpl
Multimedia Properties control mmsys.cpl
Network Properties control netcpl.cpl
NOTE: In Windows NT 4.0, Network
properties is Ncpa.cpl, not Netcpl.cpl
Password Properties control password.cpl
PC Card control main.cpl pc card (PCMCIA)
Power Management (Windows 95) control main.cpl power
Power Management (Windows 98) control powercfg.cpl
Printers Folder control printers
Regional Settings control intl.cpl
Scanners and Cameras control sticpl.cpl
Sound Properties control mmsys.cpl sounds
System Properties control sysdm.cpl

Command Prompt

To Access…Run Command
Accessibility Controls access.cpl
Accessibility Wizardaccwiz
Add Hardware Wizardhdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs appwiz.cpl
Administrative Toolscontrol admintools
Adobe Acrobat (if installed)acrobat
Adobe Designer (if installed)formdesigner
Adobe Distiller (if installed)acrodist
Adobe ImageReady (if installed)imageready
Adobe Photoshop (if installed)photoshop
Automatic Updateswuaucpl.cpl
Bluetooth Transfer Wizardfsquirt
Calculatorcalc
Certificate Managercertmgr.msc
Character Mapcharmap
Check Disk Utilitychkdsk
Clipboard Viewerclipbrd
Command Promptcmd
Component Servicesdcomcnfg
Computer Managementcompmgmt.msc
Control Panelcontrol
Date and Time Properties timedate.cpl
DDE Shares ddeshare
Device Managerdevmgmt.msc
Direct X Control Panel (if installed)*directx.cpl
Direct X Troubleshooterdxdiag
Disk Cleanup Utilitycleanmgr
Disk Defragmentdfrg.msc
Disk Managementdiskmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Managerdiskpart
Display Propertiescontrol desktop
Display Propertiesdesk.cpl
Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)control color
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utilitydrwtsn32
Driver Verifier Utilityverifier
Event Viewereventvwr.msc
Files and Settings Transfer Toolmigwiz
File Signature Verification Toolsigverif
Findfastfindfast.cpl
Firefox (if installed) firefox
Folders Propertiesfolders
Fontscontrol fonts
Fonts Folderfonts
Free Cell Card Gamefreecell
Game Controllers joy.cpl
Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)gpedit.msc
Hearts Card Gamemshearts
Help and Supporthelpctr
HyperTerminalhypertrm
Iexpress Wizardiexpress
Indexing Serviceciadv.msc
Internet Connection Wizardicwconn1
Internet Exploreriexplore
Internet Properties inetcpl.cpl
Internet Setup Wizardinetwiz
IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration)ipconfig /all
IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)ipconfig /displaydns
IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)ipconfig /flushdns
IP Configuration (Release All Connections)ipconfig /release
IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)ipconfig /renew
IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re-Registers DNS)ipconfig /registerdns
IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)ipconfig /showclassid
IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)ipconfig /setclassid
Java Control Panel (if installed)jpicpl32.cpl
Java Control Panel (if installed)javaws
Keyboard Propertiescontrol keyboard
Local Security Settingssecpol.msc
Local Users and Groupslusrmgr.msc
Logs You Out Of Windows logoff
Malicious Software Removal Tool mrt
Microsoft Access (if installed)msaccess
Microsoft Chatwinchat
Microsoft Excel (if installed)excel
Microsoft Frontpage (if installed)frontpg
Microsoft Movie Makermoviemk
Microsoft Paintmspaint
Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)powerpnt
Microsoft Word (if installed)winword
Microsoft Syncronization Toolmobsync
Minesweeper Gamewinmine
Mouse Propertiescontrol mouse
Mouse Propertiesmain.cpl
Nero (if installed)nero
Netmeeting conf
Network Connectionscontrol netconnections
Network Connectionsncpa.cpl
Network Setup Wizardnetsetup.cpl
Notepadnotepad
Nview Desktop Manager (if installed)nvtuicpl.cpl
Object Packagerpackager
ODBC Data Source Administratorodbccp32.cpl
On Screen Keyboardosk
Opens AC3 Filter (if installed)ac3filter.cpl
Outlook Expressmsimn
Paintpbrush
Password Propertiespassword.cpl
Performance Monitorperfmon.msc
Performance Monitorperfmon
Phone and Modem Options telephon.cpl
Phone Dialerdialer
Pinball Gamepinball
Power Configuration powercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxescontrol printers
Printers Folderprinters
Private Character Editoreudcedit
Quicktime (If Installed)QuickTime.cpl
Quicktime Player (if installed)quicktimeplayer
Real Player (if installed)realplay
Regional Settings intl.cpl
Registry Editorregedit
Registry Editorregedit32
Remote Access Phonebookrasphone
Remote Desktop mstsc
Removable Storagentmsmgr.msc
Removable Storage Operator Requestsntmsoprq.msc
Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof)rsop.msc
Scanners and Camerassticpl.cpl
Scheduled Taskscontrol schedtasks
Security Center wscui.cpl
Servicesservices.msc
Shared Foldersfsmgmt.msc
Shuts Down Windowsshutdown
Sounds and Audio mmsys.cpl
Spider Solitare Card Gamespider
SQL Client Configuration cliconfg
System Configuration Editorsysedit
System Configuration Utilitymsconfig
System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)sfc /scannow
System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At The Next Boot)sfc /scanonce
System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot)sfc /scanboot
System File Checker Utility (Return Scan Setting To Default)sfc /revert
System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)sfc /purgecache
System File Checker Utility (Sets Cache Size to size x)sfc /cachesize=x
System Informationmsinfo32
System Properties sysdm.cpl
Task Managertaskmgr
TCP Testertcptest
Telnet Clienttelnet
Tweak UI (if installed)tweakui
User Account Managementnusrmgr.cpl
Utility Managerutilman
Windows Address Bookwab
Windows Address Book Import Utilitywabmig
Windows Backup Utility (if installed)ntbackup
Windows Explorerexplorer
Windows Firewallfirewall.cpl
Windows Magnifier magnify
Windows Management Infrastructurewmimgmt.msc
Windows Media Playerwmplayer
Windows Messengermsmsgs
Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected)wiaacmgr
Windows System Security Toolsyskey
Windows Update Launcheswupdmgr
Windows Version (to show which version of windows)winver
Windows XP Tour Wizardtourstart
Wordpad write

Saturday, December 5, 2009

How do you become smarter?


* Listen to others patiently and hear and learn from what they are saying. Some people are wise, others just hurt and need to talk, while others may try to persuade you into doing things you shouldn't .... don't! Read, research the Internet on different subjects. If we keep our ears and eyes open to the world and truly listen we learn much.

* Pay attention to subjects.

* The best way to become smarter is simply to exercise your brain! You can improve your brain the same way you improve your muscles when you exercise them. Read as much as you can and talk about what you have read with others. Look up information about anything that seems interesting. The more you learn, the more your brain will be able to learn. Try puzzles and brainteasers to improve your problem-solving abilities. You can also browse the Learning Tips section to learn how to take better notes in class, how to listen better, and how to study for tests. The way to improve your brain is the same as the way to improve your muscles - you work out! The more you use your brain, the better it works. Reading is a good way to exercise your brain, especially if you read books that challenge you to think about different things or to imagine different cultures. Puzzles and brain teasers are also good exercise - practice makes perfect, also - as you work more puzzles, you get better at doing them. There are even video games that give your brain a workout! In general, anything you do to try to make yourself really think will make you smarter.

* I don't think there is any way to increase one's I.Q. as an adult, but doing puzzles, logic problems, and researching and trying to answer questions on this website may be a way of improving one's problem solving abilities.

* You have heard the phrase "Use It or Lose It," and that works for the brain as well. The more you use your mind, the more intelligent you will become. Reading, working puzzles, solving problems, visualizing, and imagining are all ways to improve your intelligence. Intelligent people can come up with new ideas and new ways to do things; it really has nothing to do with school or IQ. Even something as simple as trying a new way to get to your destination can help, because you have to think about how to get from one place to the other, and visualize the route. People who use their brains and constantly try to improve their intelligence are less likely to have mental problems as they get older. Of course, people who work at improving their brains will usually do better at school and on IQ tests, but not always.

Doing your work will not make you smarter - it WILL make you have better grades and be able to understand your subjects better. Homework is practicing what you learn to help you learn better. It does not change your brain.